Situation Ethics Essay Example for Free

Circumstance Ethics Essay Circumstance morals isn't disparate from utilitarianism, in that it is a way a settling on the right activity that will be taken in a given circumstance. It does anyway adopt an individualistic strategy, with the accentuation being upon every individual, instead of caring for the larger part, similar to the case in utilitarianism. It is a Christian rule, thus would not have any significant bearing to those outside of Christianity. It rotates around what the most cherishing activity is. Joseph Fletcher, an American educator of morals utilized his convictions and worries to think of what he accepted was a reasonable method of choosing what was the correct move to make in a circumstance. He didnt like the manner by which such a large number of moral hypotheses, for example, utilitarianism depended on and around an essential arrangement of rules, a legalistic approach. He accepted that it was excessively unbending, and didn't take into account exemptions. He likewise immovably objected to any antinomian, since it Rejects that there are any definitive laws, decides or guidelines that you should obey in a dynamic situation.1 Rather he utilized love when in doubt in dynamic; not storge, to adore a nation or spot; not philia, to cherish a relative or companion; and not eros, to have intercourse and to desire for somebody; however rather agape, self-giving affection, as is exhibited by Jesus kicking the bucket upon the cross. To Fletcher, agape was on a very basic level yielding, with no prize or joy, as the lessons of Jesus are told in the Bible, and he took a great deal of his thoughts from this. The statement in Matthew saying, Love your neighbor as you love yourself,2 encapsulates what agape is about. He accepted that something could be resolved as acceptable or insidiousness, contingent upon whether love had been completely served. Fletcher utilized four distinctive working standards before setting out his hypothesis: I) Pragmatism the proposed game-plan must work, and should progress in the direction of the end, which is love3 This is based around arriving at an objective or the end. ii) Relativism in circumstance morals Fletcher attempts to maintain a strategic distance from the outright by not alluding to words, for example, never, great and consistently. He likewise included that, all choices must be comparative with Christian love.4 iii) Positivism confidence precedes reason and whatever else. Individuals must see with their own eyes that affection is the most significant thing. iv) Personalism a situationist trusts you put individuals first, not laws, and that, There are no qualities in the feeling of characteristic products esteem is what befalls something when it happens to be helpful to adore working for persons.5 He at that point worked out six major standards about adoration and these were: The main recommendation Only one thing is characteristically acceptable; to be specific love; nothing else by any means The essential thought behind this lies in his reasoning that no one but love can be acceptable in all circumstances, and everything else is fortunate or unfortunate relying upon the circumstance and are not properties of activities. Something must be acceptable on the off chance that it achieves love. The second recommendation The decision standard of Christian choice is love; nothing else Fletcher trusted you are just required to keep laws, rules and guidelines on the off chance that they serve love. Love replaces law and can't be equalled by some other law. The third recommendation Love and equity are the equivalent, for equity is love dispersed, nothing else Love is scholarly and Fletcher stated, Owe no man anything but to love,6 sorting the two together. His thinking behind this lies in his conviction that Justice is agape working out its problems.7 The fourth recommendation Love wills the neighbors great, regardless of whether we like him or not Agape doesnt must involve felling, yet of disposition. It isnt nostalgic or sensual, be that as it may, rather, a craving to benefit the other person.8 This applies to everyone, not simply individuals we know or individuals we like, yet all around, and nothing is required in kind. The fifth recommendation Only the end legitimizes the methods, nothing else This is a similar rule that applies inside utilitarianism. You should consider what the outcomes of good activities will be, and the end must be the most cherishing outcome. The 6th suggestion Loves choices are made situationally, not prescriptively Something is correct or wrong contingent upon the circumstance. b) I am presently going to analyze one good quandary identifying with sexual equity, and apply a portion of the standards sketched out in circumstance morals in this contention, so as to work out what is The most adoring activity. I will likewise attempt to set up whether there are any issues with the thoughts of circumstance morals in settling on the result of the given difficulty. The problem is one which considers various good issues in regards to what is correct or wrong and it is this: Two individuals, Mr An, a multi year old dad of one, and Mrs B, a multi year old single lady have both gone after an empty position functioning as a medical caretaker in the mishap and crisis branch of a clinic. They have both moved on from colleges with a similar test grades, and are both in urgent need of work so as to take care of their colleges obligations; Mrs. A likewise needs to help spare lives after she saw her mom bite the dust in loss, and Mr. B so as to help his family. They are the last two on the waitlist from more than 20 candidates and the overseeing body at the clinic should now choose which one they will utilize. There is a generalization that would state the Mrs. An is bound to land the position as it is felt that nursing is work for ladies, as building is an occupation for men, yet is this mulled over when the decision is taken? There is likewise the inquiry with regards to whether individual conditions will be thought about, as you may contend that Mr. B is increasingly qualified for the activity, and in this manner the compensation, since he needs to help a family. On the off chance that you contend from a situationists point of view you may arrive at one of various ends dependent on your decision of contention. One that you would not come to anyway is that Mrs. A merits the situation in light of the fact that she is female and nursing is a womans work. On the off chance that you take a gander at the contention from the viewpoint of why they need the position you may take a gander at the various implications of affection and you could state that the two of them need the activity in the feeling of philia; Mrs. An on the grounds that she is doing it for her mom, subsequent to seeing her demise, yet this could likewise be viewed as agape because she needs to help individuals who are in a comparative situation to her mom so this raises a slight issue which isn't managed inside circumstance morals. This is an analysis and a serious significant one, provided that there are various purposes behind needing to accomplish something, for example, go after a position, which do you taker into thought more, philia or agape, and on the off chance that you pick either, which one and why? Mr. B then again appears to just need the activity so as to help his family, and to take care of his obligations. This by and by brings an issue up in the manner by which you see his thinking behind supporting his family. Is it since he cherishes them in the feeling of philia and doesn't need them to leave him on the off chance that he neglects to help them? or on the other hand is it since he cherishes them in the feeling of agape and needs to be there for them and not for narrow minded reasons? This again raises a discussion with respect to how you figure out what someone implies when they state something. I will currently inspect how every people contention would be acknowledged or dismissed by the circumstance morals according to the results that would happen in giving every individual the activity, and the advantages of this. Right off the bat I will take a gander at Mrs. An and afterward Mr. B, to at long last reach an inference to this moral situation. There are various explanations behind giving the activity. Right off the bat Mrs. B is clearly an extremely astute individual and would play out the activity to a best quality however this isn't one of the models which would be taken a gander at from the perspective on a circumstance ethicist except if you believed that it would be the most adoring activity for the benefit of the patients who she would treat at the clinic since she would have the option to help them in the most ideal manner conceivable. A valid justification for her being named is that it looks as if she wishes to work from the point of view of agape and this is fundamental in settling on any choice inside circumstance morals. In the event that she is set up to work for the individuals you would accept she would wouldn't fret working twofold moves, and would do as well as could be expected constantly. On the off chance that this was the situation, at that point she is starting to assemble a string contention for her being selected. It is improbable that she is outwardly propelled, and working simply because of the advantages she will get in compensation, in light of the fact that the compensation of medical attendants taking a shot at the NHS is poor, however she makes reference to that she needs to take care of her obligations. This could be taken as the principle explanation behind her going after the position, and if this is genuine she is probably not going to land the position on a situationist premise since this may not be viewed as just, if different candidates are set up to work for the individuals not simply the cash. This might be thought of an explanation she ought not land the position yet on the off chance that you put it into setting, at that point it appears as if her contention of agape and needing to help the individuals of her locale exceeds her requirement for cash, and it isn't just as she needs the cash to be insatiable. She requires it so as to take care of her obligations. The extraordinary lion's share of Mr. Bs contention from a circumstance morals point of view lies in the translation of his need to help his family. Somehow or another this could be viewed as off-base as he isn't utilizing agape, and needing to support the patients, however then again you could state that he is doing what he accepts is the best and most cherishing thing for his family, not for himself. Be that as it may, someone may adopt an alternate strategy to his activities and thinking, and therefore alone keep him from landing the position. This is another difficult that emerges when contending from circumstance morals. The I

Can Students Study Better Using A Tablet?

Would students be able to Study Better Using A Tablet? Would students be able to Study Better Using Digital Textbooks on a Tablet Than They Can By Using Books, Pens and Paper These days youthful beginnings were effectively embracing to the new advances and actualizing them in instruction, comparatively improve utilizing computerized course books on a tablets instead of utilizing customary strategy for understanding reading material, well as I would like to think understudies needs to receive to the computerized course books since it is entirely adaptable and has numerous focal points like reduced, assume less position to store and no wear and tears, etc where this all causes the understudies to be keen in reality. Numerous individuals says that huge numbers of understudies were a lot of OK with the printed copies in my sense this is on the grounds that eBooks may not be available in their places. There is definitely no uncertainty the advanced reading material are less expensive. Understudies at the Stepinac school paid $700 for course readings beforehand which year just $150 for approaching the advanced library (by Theresa Walsh Giarrusso september 2013). Indeed, even Students are exceptionally appended to their cell phones and tablets however they have not been fascinated to computerized books despite the fact that the expense is low, since they are particularly habituated to printed copies of course books. This technique by implication impacts the earth. This outcomes in deforestation and contamination. In spite of the fact that understudies in school today are joined to their cell gadgets, they have not so much been captivated related with digital books. In 2010, advanced books represented 3 percent related with course readings deals utilizing the National Association related with College Stores (By Bertha Coombs, CNBC.com-distributed on June 2011). Investigators state this is on the grounds that as of recently e-course books happen to be minimal more piece more than PDF recreates of physical reading material, unfeasible for understudies prostitute familiar with referencing their paper duplicates since they study. Scientists at on the web instruction firm Xplana express the move toward tablets in the year ahead wills absolutely kick off interest for e-texbooks in the $8 billion Oughout. S. instruction distribution showcase. iPads and different tablets will most likely be in the ownership around 20 percent of researchers by the fall of 2012, states that Xplana executive related with investigate Rob Reynolds. That is a tremendous effect. Its quickest creating innovation that weve invited in training. Reynolds predicts electronic computerized book deal development in the advanced education market will twofold throughout the following four numerous years to $1. 5 billion by 2015, and be the reason for 25 percent piece of the overall industry. A major hop in the measure of intelligent writings accessible for the new enhancement stages the following fall could likewise spike more prominent prerequisite. Course readings are substantial and not, at this point essential when the data can be downloaded. In homerooms in my general vicinity, iPads have been exceptionally fruitful. iPads are an ongoing some-what economical tablet PC that opened up in 2010. Apple organization offers great training programs for colleges. The weight with the reading material in their rucksacks would harm their backs extra time. While an iPad is simply 1. 44 fat. The iPad can likewise have instructive computer games for the understudies to discover and engage freely (article took in http://www.debate.org/suppositions/should-kids-use-ipads-for-course books in-school). While in numerous nations individuals despite everything go with customary strategy utilizing the printed versions on the grounds that the individuals were not very much intrigued to innovation. Because of this the youngsters in some creating nations like India were confronting the issue while conveying reading material to the schools that their s pine were getting bowed because of the over heap of caring more books. Maybe utilizing the advanced books truly gives a great deal of preferences to the understudies like it involves just little spot to spare a large number of reading material and it is exceptionally simple to convey starting with one spot then onto the next. Utilizing an ipad could assist youngsters with investigating the reassure and cause kids to make more. Researchers shouldn't have to keep getting up to sharpen their pencils which redirects the instructor and students. The moment that people have chaotic handwriting, their work looks impeccable and isn't hard to examine on the ipad. At the point when little youngsters utilize iPads just as note pads theyre going to figure out how to improve carry out the responsibility and stay cleverer. Numerous individuals contend that as contrasted and customary technique for perusing, seating before tablets and ipads will make some medical issue like eye strain and wellbeing peril, and furthermore it is by all accounts less thought while considering, yet as I would like to think advanced books will make our work speedy and simple I am certain that one can discover an article in eBook rapidly as opposed to utilizing a reading material. At last I might want to presume that individuals needs to refresh their propensities as the innovation changes this causes the understudies to be keen in reality, in this manner utilizing ipads, tablets, and cell phones encourages understudies to learn all the more quicker inside a less time and furthermore they were eco benevolent to condition. References : Bertha Coombs, CNBC.com-distributed on June 2011 http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/2011-06-17-computerized textbooks_n.htm Theresa Walsh Giarrusso september 2013 http://blogs.ajc.com/momania/2013/09/18/paper-versus computerized are-there-benefits-to-paper-reading material that-schools-are-absent/ http://www.debate.org/conclusions/should-kids-use-ipads-for-course readings in-school NAME: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY PREWRITING Contention QUESTION: 1

Reading Comprehension Worksheet 1

Perusing Comprehension Worksheet 1 So as to get great at understanding appreciation (understanding jargon in setting, making deductions, deciding the creators reason, and so on.), you have to rehearse. That is the place a perusing appreciation worksheet like this one proves to be useful. In the event that you need considerably more practice, look at all the more perusing cognizance worksheets here. Headings: The section beneath is trailed by questions dependent on its substance; answer the inquiries based on what is expressed or suggested in the entry. Printable PDFs: Escaping Adolescence Reading Comprehension Worksheet | Escaping Adolescence Reading Comprehension Worksheet Answer Key From Escaping the Endless Adolescence by Joseph Allen and Claudia Worrell Allen. Copyright  © 2009 by Joseph Allen and Claudia Worrell Allen. As 15-year-old Perry rearranged into my office, with his folks trailing likely behind, he looked at me with a stressed nonpartisan articulation that Id discovered generally conceal either extraordinary resentment or incredible pain; in Perrys case it was both. Despite the fact that anorexia is a confusion frequently connected with young ladies, Perry was the third in a line of anorexic young men I had as of late observed. At the point when he came to see me, Perrys weight had dropped to inside 10 pounds of the limit requiring constrained hospitalization, yet he denied there was any issue. He just wont eat, his mom started. At that point, going to Perry as though to show me the routine theyd been establishing, she asked with tears in her eyes, Perry, why cant you at any rate have a basic supper with us? Perry would not eat with his family, continually guaranteeing he wasnt hungry at that point and that he wanted to eat later in his room, then again, actually that once in a while occurred. New menus, delicate consolation, subtle provocations, bothering, and inside and out pay-offs had all been attempted, without any result. For what reason would an in any case sound 15-year-old kid be starving himself? The inquiry hung desperately noticeable all around as we as a whole talked. Lets get straight to the point from the start. Perry was a brilliant, decent child: bashful, unassuming, and for the most part improbable to raise a ruckus. He was getting straight As in a difficult and serious government funded school respects educational program that spring. What's more, he later revealed to me that he hadnt gotten a B on his report card since fourth grade. Here and there he was each parent dream kid. In any case, underneath his scholarly achievement, Perry confronted a universe of difficulties, and keeping in mind that he took for a little while to become acquainted with, in the long run the issues came spilling out. The issues werent what Id expected, however. Perry wasnt mishandled, he didnt take medications, and his family wasnt driven by struggle. Or maybe, from the outset, his issues would appear to be increasingly similar to run of the mill pre-adult objections. Furthermore, they were, as it were. Be that as it may, it was distinctly as I got the chance to comprehend him that I understood the immature issues Perry experienced werent simply infrequent aggravations, as theyd been for me and my associate as adolescents, yet rather, had developed to where they cast a huge shadow over quite a bit of his everyday world. Id later come to understand that Perry wasnt alone in such manner. One major issue was that while Perry was a solid achiever, he was not in any way an upbeat one. I loathe getting up in the first part of the day since theres so much stuff I need to do, he said. I simply continue causing arrangements of intentions for and scratching them off every day. Schoolwork, yet extracurricular exercises, so I can get into a decent school. When he began, Perrys discontent spilled out in a baffled monolog. Theres such a great amount to do, and I need to truly work to get myself roused in light of the fact that I feel like none of it truly matters... be that as it may, its extremely significant I do it at any rate. Toward the finish, all things considered, I keep awake until late, I complete all my schoolwork, and I concentrate extremely hard for every one of my tests, and what do I get the chance to appear for everything? A solitary piece of paper with five or six letters on it. Its simply dumb! Perry was skilled enough to go through the motions that had been set for him, yet it felt like minimal more than circle bouncing, and this ate at him. Yet, that wasnt his solitary issue. Perry was very much adored by his folks, as are the majority of the youngsters we see. Yet, in their endeavors to sustain and bolster him, his folks incidentally expanded his psychological strain. After some time, they had taken on the entirety of his family unit tasks, so as to leave him more opportunity for homework and exercises. That is his top need, they said nearly as one when I got some information about this. In spite of the fact that expelling the errands from Perrys plate gave him more time, it at last left him feeling much progressively futile and tense. He never truly did anything for anybody with the exception of suck up their time and cash, and he knew it. What's more, in the event that he thought about chilling out on his schoolwork...well, look how much his folks were filling causing it to work out positively. Sandwiched among wrath and blame, Perry had truly started to shrivel. Perusing Comprehension Worksheet Questions 1. This section is described from the perspective of(A) a school teacher examining the impacts of bulimia on youthful males.(B) a youthful male named Perry, battling with the impacts of anorexia.(C) a concerned advisor who works with battling youthful adults.(D) a specialist who treats eating, urgent, and dozing disorders.(E) an undergrad taking a shot at a proposal about dietary issues in youthful guys. Answer with Explanation 2. As indicated by the section, Perrys two most serious issues were(A) being a miserable achiever and his folks increment of his psychological strain.(B) his poor demeanor toward school and his utilization of everyones time and money.(C) his wrath and guilt.(D) medicate misuse and struggle inside the family.(E) his failure to organize and anorexia. Answer with Explanation 3. The main role of the section is to(A) depict one youthful keeps an eye on battle with anorexia and, in doing as such, give potential reasons a youngster may turn to an eating disorder.(B) advocate for youthful guys who are battling with a dietary issue and the choices theyve made that have carried them to that struggle.(C) think about one youthful people battle against his folks and the dietary issue that is destroying his life to the life of a run of the mill teenager.(D) relate an enthusiastic response to the stun of a dietary issue, for example, that of Perrys, an average youthful adult.(E) clarify how todays youth frequently create dietary problems and other horrendous issues in their overactive lives. Answer with Explanation 4. The creator utilizes which of the accompanying in the sentence beginning passage 4: But underneath his scholastic achievement, Perry confronted a universe of difficulties, and keeping in mind that he took for some time to become more acquainted with, in the end the issues came pouring out? (A) personification(B) simile(C) anecdote(D) irony(E) allegory Answer with Explanation 5. In the second sentence of the last passage, the word unintentionally most about means(A) steadily(B) monumentally(C) incrementally(D) mistakenly(E) secretly Answer with Explanation Additional Reading Comprehension Practice

Hulga Hopewell as an Example of Freakishness in Southern Gothic Literature - Literature Essay Samples

One of the most prominent and important features of Southern Gothic literature is its incorporation of a character that is a â€Å"freak† into the narrative, with this freak being someone who stands out due to a disability that is external, internal, or sometimes both. Southern Gothic writer Flannery O’Connor displays mastery of the subject not only by creating freakish characters, but also by turning her stories into the freak shows that partially characterize our conceptions of the American South. Hulga Hopewell of O’Connor’s short story Good Country People exemplifies this method of storytelling, as she provides not only the character of the freak but also the situation with which the audience can feel the atmosphere of a freak show. O’Connor believes that writers of Southern Gothic literature have a penchant for writing about freaks because â€Å"[they] are still able to recognize one†, a notion which entails the author having a conception of â€Å"the whole man†(44). Thus, the freak serves for the reader a comparison of their â€Å"completeness† and the character’s â€Å"incompleteness†. Her suggestion that freakishness is synonymous with incompletion correlates with Hulga, whose leg was shot off in a hunting accident as a child. The narrator writes from the point of view of her mother, saying, â€Å"She thought of [Hulga] still as a child because it tore her heart to think that instead of the poor stout girl in her thirties who had never danced a step or had any normal good times.† Mrs. Hopewell’s reflection upon her daughter is evidence of her belief that because of Hulga’s disability and freakishness, she lacks the â€Å"normal† experience s that supposedly shape people and is thus an incomplete person. This opinion sets the characterization of Hulga in motion, foreshadowing further evidence of her incompleteness in the narrative. O’Connor also believes that when the protagonist of a piece of American literature is not distinctly â€Å"American†, he is a freak, or he at least has â€Å"a good deal of explaining to do† (37). This points out the deep contrast between two character types in American literature: the Northern, who is â€Å"American†, and the Southern, who is a â€Å"Freak†. Hulga embodies struggle between the two character types, as she is educated like those from the Urban north, but is also disabled and emotionally stunted like those of what is considered the uncivilized South. The internal struggle between the two characters is seen in the quote, â€Å"She had a weak heart. Joy had made it plain that if it had not been for this condition, she would be far from these red hills and good country people. She would be in a university lecturing to people who knew what she was talking about† (O’Connor, 5). While Hulga’s education is evidence of he r trying to embody the Northern ideals of education, we find it doubtful that her â€Å"heart condition† is what is holding back from her intellectual pursuits, as it is most likely her immaturity and supposedly â€Å"southern† freakishness. Despite her sophisticated mind, O’Connor still labels her as a freak because of her emotional stiltedness that keeps her from becoming a well-rounded woman, highlighting the differences in Northern and Southern ideals, characterizations, and literatures. Hulga’s deformity in character is solidified by the reaction of the reader to the final incident, the freak show sequence, in which a fake Bible salesman steals her wooden leg. She keeps saying, â€Å"Give me my leg!† as he runs off with it, and the one-legged woman is left stuck in the loft of a barn (18). One of the first instincts of the reader during this scene is to laugh, even a little bit, because of the bizarreness and darkely comic tone of the event. The scene is an uncomfortably humorous one, as the reader is torn between feeling sorry for Hulga and wanting to mock her as she’s being put in her place. The experience between the reader and the story is one of equal temperament to a classic freak show, in which â€Å"freaks† were exhibited to the public oftentimes to be laughed at. It’s horrific and uncomfortable, but it is not unexpected if the narrative takes place in a region that has such a history of inhumanity (slavery, etc.). The iron y of O’Connor’s narrative is that it is called Good Country People, when all we really see are false values and in Hulga’s case, an exaggerated portrait of the grotesque. Because of Hulga, Good Country People could be interpreted as a portrait of a freak and a written account of a freak show, as it evokes the emotions of compassion as well as certain degree of derision. This method of storytelling is how O’Connor reminds the audience of what it means to be â€Å"normal†, as characters like Hulga give us something to compare ourselves too. A fair part of O’Connor’s brilliance in the Southern Gothic genre is her aforementioned ability to see who a real â€Å"freak† is, even and especially the ones who look normal on the outside. The compassion, pity, and dark humor with which O’Connor writes her freaks is what sets her apart from other audience members at Southern freak shows, enabling her to describe a true experience of the South and freak culture as a whole.

Development of the Industry - 1073 Words

This presence cannot be ignored and has led to the development of the industry. With new regulations being introduced, such as FoFA, threaten the same earnings as before but experts believe, from our interviews, will bring in large volumes of business to the industry. The industry would soon need to adjust to the newer conditions but is expected to develop around it given the opportunity the wealth pool has to offer. Further, the sophistication of the industry can be seen by the existence of over 200 Boutique Investment firms who provide expertise to their niche investors. There is an expectation of consolidation of these firms in view of the recent changes about slim margins but the market has seen disruptive firms booming without any old heritage and running successfully. More than 23 of Australian Investment firms are identified to be the Worlds Top 500 largest firms. The existence alone highlights the growth potential of the industry and the future of the industry. 3. Literature Review The future of the wealth management industry in Australia depends on the reasons that are leading to the growth of the industry such as superannuation pool, regulatory changes, digitalization, etc. There are also some challenges faced by the industry due to rising rates, higher contribution to superannuation, etc which hold back the development and with respect to that, policy makers have been making recommendations and suggestions which we look into to make a conclusion. SoShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of Restaurants Industries1088 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive Summary The development of restaurants industries has taken place in modern times of 1900 s. Customer satisfaction includes things that is done for the comfort and improvement of customers and is provided over the price paid for the food. Satisfying customers helps in maintaining the morale of restaurants which would help to retain the customers for longer duration. 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Liberalism, Communism, And Social Democracy - 736 Words

The three political ideologies I will discuss in this paper are Liberalism, Communism, and Social Democracy. These ideologies emerged in the 19th century and are views on society and the way in which it is governed. Liberalism, Communism, and Social Democracy are social, political, and economic doctrines. They share many differences, big and small, but these differences contribute to their overall objective of the betterment of society. How they choose to implement and lead towards that goal is what will be discussed in this paper. Liberalism declares give to priority, freedom, and power to the individual. It’s the optimist of the group, as it believes that humans are good-hearted by nature. There’s over 15 lesser known sub-categories of†¦show more content†¦Marx and Engels objective was to end capitalism because they blamed social class system believing that it caused exploitation of workers thus developing class consciousness. Communism then believes the result would be a core process of class conflict that would be solved through immense struggle. At the center of the Communist ideology, is economic equality through eradicating private property, and center on the idea that inequality and the class-divide is a result of capitalism and calls for a new society with no private property, social classes, or profits. Social democracy is a political philosophy that actually loosely falls under the category of Liberalism. It seeks to alleviate harsh aspects of capitalism through intervention and services of state. Similar to the views observed in Liberalism, Social Democracy has a view of society the believes in equality. They inherit the belief that society is what people make of it. But even with that said, individualistic views of society are something that Social Democracy actually rejects which brings up another difference since it is seen and accepted in liberal ideologies. In the ideology, the state plays a role in which it advertises a generally law abiding, healthy, peaceful society. This is where the ideology differs with the beliefs of Communism, who views the state as a being of oppression. The example people normally associate with Social Democracy is the NordicShow MoreRelatedPolitical Ideology Essay1274 Words   |  6 Pagessociety. In this paper I will compare and contrast; libera lism, social democracy, fascism, communism, and anarchy. Also I will give my opinion on which one of these forms of government would be the most ideal to run a modern day county or society. Before I can begin comparing and contrasting we need to have a working understanding of all the political ideology’s stated above. The first political ideology that I will discuss is liberalism. 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The main purpose is to look at Marx’s and Kuyper’s ideas of human nature, main causes of social inequality and economic hardship, the solution, assumptions that come with the solutions, and if their ideas hold up in the twenty-first century. Marx has the idea that human nature is based on communism. Through history we see the oppressors and the oppressed in some type of battle. There are examples in history such as, â€Å"Freeman and slave, patricianRead MoreConservatism And Liberalism914 Words   |  4 Pagescan be benefit from lower taxes, less government regulation. Liberalism will support in a more active role of the government, by helping with a higher financially spending, regulation, and policies that will enable them to achieve a greater social equality to minorities and the unfavorable ones. Conservatism and liberalism have been a part of the political ideas and thoughts from the beginning of the of the American democracy. 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Applied Business Ethics World Bank Policy Research

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Applied Business Ethics of World Bank Policy Research. Answer: Part A: Ethical Dilemma Essay Discrimination is a common phenomenon in a professional atmosphere (Kadiresan Javed, 2015). This leads to the generation of ethical dilemmas in the workplace. I faced several ethical dilemmas during my professional career, however, the one I faced during my stint at a pharmaceutical firm at Singapore, was the most prominent. I was working as Manager-Operations in the firm. The pharmaceutical company had a male dominating environment with very less number of female employees. One day, a new female employee was recruited and joined office on Monday. She was not accepted by her office colleagues. She was treated as if she was an alien. The male employees passed inappropriate comments to the new employees which made her feel awkward. The female employee complained to me regarding the harassment. As per the company policies, the concerned male employees were penalized. I pondered upon the fact and thought of transferring the female employee to a more secure job location or a different jo b role. However, my seniors argued that this action was completely discriminatory and was not in accordance with the company policies. I could have transferred the female employee but that could stir controversy among the male employees. This decision was considered as an unethical conduct in a corporate organization. The business organization has certain regulations regarding the transfer of employees (Divanbeigi Ramalho, 2015). The transfer should be made at the best interest of the organization (Ferner, Edwards Tempel, 2012). It should not be based on the personal interests of the employees. I had knowledge regarding the organizational rules, however, I personally felt the plight of the employee (Divanbeigi Ramalho, 2015). It is my duty to provide optimum working environment to all the employees (Tsaur Tang, 2012). Being a female employee, doesnt mean that she should be a subject of entertainment. I want to place the female employee in a secure position but this involved a lot of subsequent issues. My decision would impact both the existing male employees at the office as well as the new female employee. If the female employee is shifted to a secure job role then the rest of the employees would resent. They may also demand shifts in their favorite job roles. On the other hand, this decision may demean the female employee too. She may feel that she is segregated and may feel left out. I was in a dilemma regarding my possible actions in such a situation. Gender discrimination in the workplace is a common phenomenon (Smith, Oades McCarthy, 2013). We live in a patriarchal society which is reflected in the professional organizations too. Women are harassed for no reasons and unfair discriminations are made (Lim, 2015). In spite of their high qualifications and years of experience, they are not treated equally like men. They have to face embarrassment, abuse and torture at the workplace (Shah et al., 2012). These issues reduce the productivity of the employees, otherwise which would have increased the output of the female employees (Smith, Oades McCarthy, 2013). I am compassionate about the female employee but I should not forget that I am operating in a professional environment. I have to solve the employees concerns by satisfying the rules of the organization. The Shareholder View of Business states that the managers should take decisions that are best for the concerned shareholders (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). My employees are the most important shareholders and I should provide them best work experience within the limits of law. This issue is a serious ethical concern as it is concerned with unequal power distribution between the employees and the employers. The organization has certain rights of employees that are applicable to all (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). The employee possesses the right to safeguard from discrimination (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). The female employees are protected from the clutches of ruthless male employees. They have the right to be treated equally in the workplace (Yousaf et al., 2014). They should deserve respect from the colleagues. They have the right to work in a harmonious workplace where the entire employees coexist peacefully. She should enjoy equal opportunities as enjoyed by all the other employees (Yousaf et al., 2014). The concerned employee should be free from sexual harassment in the workplace. I wished to secure the fundamental rights of the employees. It is the duty of a manager to look after the welfare of the employees- both male and female. If someone is not getting the fundamental rights, I must consider the matter seriously. The discrimination in Singaporean organizations includes the partial treatment of the employees which is not based on their qualifications or experience (Napasri Yukongdi, 2015). In this case, I was proposing the idea of giving more preference to the female employee based on a harassment complaint only. It was not related to her education level, experience level, skills or the performance at work. The discrimination would lead to the damage of my image as a manager. I may be viewed as a partial manager if I give favorable treatment to an employee based on the gender. If I do not implement this decision, then the female employee may continue to be harassed by her male counterparts. This would also affect the performance of the employee. My decision making is affected by several factors such as demographic, gender, age, national culture, psychology, personal values and integrity (Craft, 2013). The psychological factors affect my actions in a particular work environment. I am an individual with high internal control. I like to undertake responsibility for my actions and accept the consequences of my actions. My personal values also help me in taking decisions. It is my personal choice to address my employees rights. I like to maintain moral principles as well as values while taking crucial decisions. The moral intensity would have an influence on the decision making of the manager (Craft, 2013). The importance of education is immense in effective decision making (Craft, 2013). It teaches us to implement ethics in our professional as well as personal lives. The Universities in Singapore emphasizes on ethical decision making in corporate organizations (Craft, 2013). The Code of Ethics is being taught in universities and the same is applicable in professional organizations too (Craft, 2013). This states the expectations from the employees. I am also an employee of the organization and it is my duty to safeguard the interests of my fellow employees. I strive to create a humanized workplace, which is an innovative type of workplace that promotes meaningful work and sustainable jobs. I aim for creating a meaningful workplace in which the jobs are designed to meet the psychological requirements of the employees. The professional life should be enriching to an employee rather than being an obstacle in the path of success. There are a number of ways which help me to choose the best solution in the ethical dilemma: I can undertake the non-consequentialist theories which involve the identification of certain duties for the agents to perform (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). This approach would help me to preserve the human dignity. The dignity of the female employee is of utmost importance. This theory would also help me to maintain the natural rights of the employees (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). I would be able to do the fair treatment of the female employee. It is the right of the employee to work in a respectful environment. I would transfer the female employee in a more secure job role where she would face minimal issues of sexual harassment. Alternatively, I can take the utilitarian approach of solving ethical dilemmas (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). This approach would help me to support the concerned female employee for her happiness. If she is transferred to a more secure job location, she would get mental peace and it would reduce her pain to a great extent. She can concentrate on her job and her productivity rates would increase considerably. I should calculate the benefits as well as disadvantages of my decision and select the best alternative. The value of an unhappy employee is measured with the resentment of the male employees. The point of view of the male employees can be heard and they can be given a suitable answer. However, there is no appropriate answer to the problems of the female employee. Hence, decision needs to be taken in favor of her. The egoistic approach cannot be actually considered in this scenario (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). This approach would enable me to highlight my own interest and ignore the interest of the organization (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). I cannot ignore the interests of the organization. I have to take such a decision that satisfies the objectives of the organization as well as provide suitable solution to the concerned female employee. However, I would like to support the female employee in every possible way. I would select the well being of the employees after considering the above influences and the various personal characteristics of mine. This alternative would satisfy personal ideologies and ethical beliefs. Part B: Appendix A: The Ethical Leadership Debate (613words) The character of Mike Gustavsson was against the debate motion. He supported education on ethical leadership and considered that the top management of a firm is responsible for creating an environment of sustainable ethical leadership. He possessed high moral values, as described in Virtue Ethics of Normative Ethics (Hursthouse, 2013). He is in Maxim 3 of Universality in Kants Ethics as he is a discretionary stakeholder. He belongs to the Stage 6 of the Kohlbergs theory (Gibbs, 2013). He possesses universal principles such as human rights, equality and justice. He demonstrated universal ethical principles. He failed to respect the rights and equality of his daughter and hence he can be placed in the stage 5 of Moral Development Theory (Gibbs, 2013). Jan Edwards displayed ethical leadership in a shareholder focused economy. Clean Solutions Inc. focused on ethical leadership models in addition to the profitability parameters. This was displayed by their immense participation in the charitable involvements. The firm focused on the education concerning ethical leadership and emphasized that graduates should possess social responsibility skills, interpersonal skills and people management skills. The firm also believed in the principles of the shareholders. Jan can be considered as a dominant stakeholder as she demonstrated power and legitimacy. She demonstrated the elements of Triple Bottom Line- social sustainability, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability (Savitz, 2012). She demonstrated characteristics of feminist ethics model. She can be placed in Stage 2 of the Kohlbergs model. Jan can be regarded as an individual seeking self- actualization and self-esteem, as per Maslows Hierarchy of needs (Funder, 2015). Jan concentrated on improving the community by showing mutual respect and justice to the community. She could be placed in Stage 6 as she wanted to modify the current trend by her own ethical principles, even if it deviated from the workplace norms. Mei-Hua Felung acted against the debate motion. She emphasized the importance of ethical leadership in an economy that is focused on the shareholders. She maintained her leadership based on ethical grounds even after the presence of external factors such as public perceptions, tax rules, legal obligations and others. She is present in Stage 5 and Stage 6 of the Moral Development Theory by Kohlberg. She possesses good interpersonal relationships with external as well as internal stakeholders. She is also aware of the existing tax laws as well as the individual rights. She is trained in the accountancy regulations and hence belonged to Maxim 1 of consistency in the Kants Deontological theory (Dierksmeier, 2013). She needed to undertake legitimate actions as she was the accountant of the firm. She demonstrated ethical leadership and maintained the image of the accountant by adopting tax avoidance measures. Deshi Chen supported the debate motion as he believed that ethical leadership is not required in business school courses. He emphasized on the fact that ethical leadership usually prevents practicality in situations. He argued that ethical leadership is not recognized all round the world. It is not even rewarded. The world gives more importance to profit generation rather than ethical leadership. Deshi demonstrated the theory of egoism by treating himself morally correct. He also displayed least utilization of personal interests. He displayed the Stage 2 characteristics of the moral development model (Cushman, 2013). All the four characters, except Deshi, strongly believed in the fact that ethical leadership is possible in a shareholder based economy. They also believed that business school should incorporate classes on ethical codes of behaviors. Deshi was the only person who didnt believe in ethical course in business schools. Deshi can be regarded as the most ethical person due to his transparency while Mei-Hua can be considered as the most unethical one (displayed speech-act contradictions). Part B: Appendix B: The Seminar Case (600 words) The Case of the Holiday was reviewed and the ethical dilemmas concerning each character are identified. The character of Boris is explained in detail. Boris faced a high degree of ethical dilemma, which was discussed by Team 1. The dilemma was caused due to the planned holiday of Boris and coincidence of the holiday with the product launch of the client. This situation forced Boris to think about whether he should cancel his holiday plans for the purpose of important professional commitments. His dilemma concerned that whether he should dilute the business prospects by postponing/cancelling the product launch or focusing on his personal life progress (the expense of relationship with Swee Lan). The team 2 depicted the ethical dilemma of Boriss manager. The manager had an ethical dilemma between the requests of the client, profitability of the company and employee welfare. He did not want to spoil the holiday plans of Boris, however he was also reluctant to let go a valuable client that would bring repeat orders for the company. The manager was responsible for safeguarding the interests of the company and to prevent it from any kinds of financial loss. He was in a fix to jeopardize the lucrative prospects from the organizational point of view. The ethical dilemma of Swee Lan was portrayed by Team 3. She faced the dilemma after discussion with Boris regarding cancellation of their holiday at Hong Kong. She has certain influences on the decision making of Boris. She made Boris experience ethical dilemmas between the work commitments and relationship commitments. She didnt wanted to compromise the career prospects of Boris, but at the same time, she wanted to materialize the holiday plans. The dilemma of Swee Lan was derived from the reaction of her parents, which fostered relationship dilemmas in Boris. The last team, Team 4, discussed about the ethical dilemmas of Boriss colleagues. They reacted after hearing that Boris had cancelled his holiday for the benefit of the organization. Marcus and his friends wanted to implement enhanced employee standards in the organization. They feared that the consequences of Boriss decision could impact their lives in the future as well. As a result, they were connected with Boris from an empathetic point of view. This is the reason they criticized the decisions of Boris. They presumed that it was really a tough decision to select one between Swee Lan and the manager. The ethical dilemma of Boris can be explained by various ethical theories. Boris was in the Stage 1 of Kohlbergs moral development theory (Gibbs, 2013). He was obedient in his workplace (by cancellation of his trip) so that he is not punished or dismissed from the workplace. If he declined the product launch of the client he may be considered as inappropriate for the company, which may lead to any forms of punishment. He also displayed utilitarian rule as he accepted the request of his presence at the product launch, which meant a lucrative career for him (Hayry, 2013). The moral intensity of Boris is featured by social consensus, proximity and consequences. There could have been various consequences like fall in the career, spoilage of relationship with Swee Lan or Marcus. Boris displayed Type A characteristics aggressiveness, competitive spirit and ambitious outlook (Broad, 2014). He displayed a high degree of ownership and he was interested in the work related matters. He portray ed egoistic approach by giving maximum emphasize to task completion rather than the opportunity costs involved. He chose to be present during the product launch of the company and hence sacrifice the meeting with Swee Lee and her parents. Part B: Appendix C: Interpersonal and team working skills (333 words) The first part of the essay needed to identify a business related ethical dilemma in my professional life. The identification of the dilemma demonstrates my critical thinking abilities (Paul Elder, 2013). There are many instances of my professional life that I could have citied. I have chosen this particular dilemma because it was concerned with the ethical behavioral aspects in the workplace. The presence of the interpersonal skills also helped me to successfully complete this module. The first part of the essay demonstrated my problem solving skills, decision making skills and assertiveness (Proctor, 2014). I worked with others in my workplace to explore and ponder over the existing issues. I identified, explained and provided a solution to the existing problem. I identified the main issue and utilized my decision making abilities to propose a solution. I decided on the issue and communicated my ideas as well as beliefs to the concerned entities. I have flexibility in my work appr oach as I was concerned with the most appropriate practices that would be best for the concerned employee (Allen et al., 2013). I am able to convey my decisions to my colleagues and hence display team working skills. I respected the opinions of my team members. The second part of the essay needed me to analyze the characters in the given case scenarios. My analytical abilities, self confidence and positive attitude helped me to review the given case studies (Robles, 2012). The display of the ethical leadership role by the given characters was critically analyzed by me. The characters also displayed resembled to the popular ethical theories such as Kohlbergs theory and others. I identified the similarities as I am confident about my abilities. I also possess good communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal communication (Robles, 2012). This is because I am able to write down my thoughts in a coherent manner. This module helped me to understand the practical implementation of Kohlbergs moral development theory and Kants deontological theory in a professional environment. References Part A Capuzzi, D., Stauffer, M. D. (2016).ACA Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions. John Wiley Sons. Craft, J. L. (2013). A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 20042011.Journal of Business Ethics,117(2), 221-259. Divanbeigi, R., Ramalho, R. (2015). Business regulations and growth.World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (7299). Ferner, A., Edwards, T., Tempel, A. (2012). Power, institutions and the cross-national transfer of employment practices in multinationals.Human Relations,65(2), 163-187. Kadiresan, V., Javed, N. K. (2015). Discrimination in Employment and Task Delegation at Workplace in the Malaysian Context.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,5(7), 29-41. Klettner, A., Clarke, T., Boersma, M. (2014). The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), 145-165. Lim, L. Y. (2015). Beyond gender: The impact of age, ethnicity, nationality and economic growth on women in the Singapore economy.The Singapore Economic Review,60(02), 1550020. Napasri, T., Yukongdi, V. (2015). A study of Thai female executives: perceived barriers to career advancement.Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research,4(3), 108. Shah, M. A. M. M., Jody, J. M., Shahudin, M. H. (2012). Gender Discrimination at the Workplace: In the Purview of International Legal Framework and Islamic Approach. Smith, I. P., Oades, L., McCarthy, G. (2013). 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Dierksmeier, C. (2013). Kant on virtue.Journal of business ethics,113(4), 597-609. Funder, D. C. (2015).The Personality Puzzle: Seventh International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Gibbs, J. C. (2013).Moral development and reality: Beyond the theories of Kohlberg, Hoffman, and Haidt. Oxford University Press. Hayry, M. (2013).Liberal utilitarianism and applied ethics. Routledge. Hursthouse, R. (2013). Normative virtue ethics.ETHICA,645. Paul, R., Elder, L. (2013).Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. Pearson Education. Proctor, T. (2014).Creative problem solving for managers: developing skills for decision making and innovation. Routledge. Robles, M. M. (2012). Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), 453-465. Savitz, A. (2012).The triple bottom line: How today's best-run companies are achieving economic, social and environmental success--and how you can too. 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