Hulga Hopewell as an Example of Freakishness in Southern Gothic Literature - Literature Essay Samples

One of the most prominent and important features of Southern Gothic literature is its incorporation of a character that is a â€Å"freak† into the narrative, with this freak being someone who stands out due to a disability that is external, internal, or sometimes both. Southern Gothic writer Flannery O’Connor displays mastery of the subject not only by creating freakish characters, but also by turning her stories into the freak shows that partially characterize our conceptions of the American South. Hulga Hopewell of O’Connor’s short story Good Country People exemplifies this method of storytelling, as she provides not only the character of the freak but also the situation with which the audience can feel the atmosphere of a freak show. O’Connor believes that writers of Southern Gothic literature have a penchant for writing about freaks because â€Å"[they] are still able to recognize one†, a notion which entails the author having a conception of â€Å"the whole man†(44). Thus, the freak serves for the reader a comparison of their â€Å"completeness† and the character’s â€Å"incompleteness†. Her suggestion that freakishness is synonymous with incompletion correlates with Hulga, whose leg was shot off in a hunting accident as a child. The narrator writes from the point of view of her mother, saying, â€Å"She thought of [Hulga] still as a child because it tore her heart to think that instead of the poor stout girl in her thirties who had never danced a step or had any normal good times.† Mrs. Hopewell’s reflection upon her daughter is evidence of her belief that because of Hulga’s disability and freakishness, she lacks the â€Å"normal† experience s that supposedly shape people and is thus an incomplete person. This opinion sets the characterization of Hulga in motion, foreshadowing further evidence of her incompleteness in the narrative. O’Connor also believes that when the protagonist of a piece of American literature is not distinctly â€Å"American†, he is a freak, or he at least has â€Å"a good deal of explaining to do† (37). This points out the deep contrast between two character types in American literature: the Northern, who is â€Å"American†, and the Southern, who is a â€Å"Freak†. Hulga embodies struggle between the two character types, as she is educated like those from the Urban north, but is also disabled and emotionally stunted like those of what is considered the uncivilized South. The internal struggle between the two characters is seen in the quote, â€Å"She had a weak heart. Joy had made it plain that if it had not been for this condition, she would be far from these red hills and good country people. She would be in a university lecturing to people who knew what she was talking about† (O’Connor, 5). While Hulga’s education is evidence of he r trying to embody the Northern ideals of education, we find it doubtful that her â€Å"heart condition† is what is holding back from her intellectual pursuits, as it is most likely her immaturity and supposedly â€Å"southern† freakishness. Despite her sophisticated mind, O’Connor still labels her as a freak because of her emotional stiltedness that keeps her from becoming a well-rounded woman, highlighting the differences in Northern and Southern ideals, characterizations, and literatures. Hulga’s deformity in character is solidified by the reaction of the reader to the final incident, the freak show sequence, in which a fake Bible salesman steals her wooden leg. She keeps saying, â€Å"Give me my leg!† as he runs off with it, and the one-legged woman is left stuck in the loft of a barn (18). One of the first instincts of the reader during this scene is to laugh, even a little bit, because of the bizarreness and darkely comic tone of the event. The scene is an uncomfortably humorous one, as the reader is torn between feeling sorry for Hulga and wanting to mock her as she’s being put in her place. The experience between the reader and the story is one of equal temperament to a classic freak show, in which â€Å"freaks† were exhibited to the public oftentimes to be laughed at. It’s horrific and uncomfortable, but it is not unexpected if the narrative takes place in a region that has such a history of inhumanity (slavery, etc.). The iron y of O’Connor’s narrative is that it is called Good Country People, when all we really see are false values and in Hulga’s case, an exaggerated portrait of the grotesque. Because of Hulga, Good Country People could be interpreted as a portrait of a freak and a written account of a freak show, as it evokes the emotions of compassion as well as certain degree of derision. This method of storytelling is how O’Connor reminds the audience of what it means to be â€Å"normal†, as characters like Hulga give us something to compare ourselves too. A fair part of O’Connor’s brilliance in the Southern Gothic genre is her aforementioned ability to see who a real â€Å"freak† is, even and especially the ones who look normal on the outside. The compassion, pity, and dark humor with which O’Connor writes her freaks is what sets her apart from other audience members at Southern freak shows, enabling her to describe a true experience of the South and freak culture as a whole.

Development of the Industry - 1073 Words

This presence cannot be ignored and has led to the development of the industry. With new regulations being introduced, such as FoFA, threaten the same earnings as before but experts believe, from our interviews, will bring in large volumes of business to the industry. The industry would soon need to adjust to the newer conditions but is expected to develop around it given the opportunity the wealth pool has to offer. Further, the sophistication of the industry can be seen by the existence of over 200 Boutique Investment firms who provide expertise to their niche investors. There is an expectation of consolidation of these firms in view of the recent changes about slim margins but the market has seen disruptive firms booming without any old heritage and running successfully. More than 23 of Australian Investment firms are identified to be the Worlds Top 500 largest firms. The existence alone highlights the growth potential of the industry and the future of the industry. 3. Literature Review The future of the wealth management industry in Australia depends on the reasons that are leading to the growth of the industry such as superannuation pool, regulatory changes, digitalization, etc. There are also some challenges faced by the industry due to rising rates, higher contribution to superannuation, etc which hold back the development and with respect to that, policy makers have been making recommendations and suggestions which we look into to make a conclusion. SoShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of Restaurants Industries1088 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive Summary The development of restaurants industries has taken place in modern times of 1900 s. Customer satisfaction includes things that is done for the comfort and improvement of customers and is provided over the price paid for the food. Satisfying customers helps in maintaining the morale of restaurants which would help to retain the customers for longer duration. 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Liberalism, Communism, And Social Democracy - 736 Words

The three political ideologies I will discuss in this paper are Liberalism, Communism, and Social Democracy. These ideologies emerged in the 19th century and are views on society and the way in which it is governed. Liberalism, Communism, and Social Democracy are social, political, and economic doctrines. They share many differences, big and small, but these differences contribute to their overall objective of the betterment of society. How they choose to implement and lead towards that goal is what will be discussed in this paper. Liberalism declares give to priority, freedom, and power to the individual. It’s the optimist of the group, as it believes that humans are good-hearted by nature. There’s over 15 lesser known sub-categories of†¦show more content†¦Marx and Engels objective was to end capitalism because they blamed social class system believing that it caused exploitation of workers thus developing class consciousness. Communism then believes the result would be a core process of class conflict that would be solved through immense struggle. At the center of the Communist ideology, is economic equality through eradicating private property, and center on the idea that inequality and the class-divide is a result of capitalism and calls for a new society with no private property, social classes, or profits. Social democracy is a political philosophy that actually loosely falls under the category of Liberalism. It seeks to alleviate harsh aspects of capitalism through intervention and services of state. Similar to the views observed in Liberalism, Social Democracy has a view of society the believes in equality. They inherit the belief that society is what people make of it. But even with that said, individualistic views of society are something that Social Democracy actually rejects which brings up another difference since it is seen and accepted in liberal ideologies. 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Applied Business Ethics World Bank Policy Research

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Applied Business Ethics of World Bank Policy Research. Answer: Part A: Ethical Dilemma Essay Discrimination is a common phenomenon in a professional atmosphere (Kadiresan Javed, 2015). This leads to the generation of ethical dilemmas in the workplace. I faced several ethical dilemmas during my professional career, however, the one I faced during my stint at a pharmaceutical firm at Singapore, was the most prominent. I was working as Manager-Operations in the firm. The pharmaceutical company had a male dominating environment with very less number of female employees. One day, a new female employee was recruited and joined office on Monday. She was not accepted by her office colleagues. She was treated as if she was an alien. The male employees passed inappropriate comments to the new employees which made her feel awkward. The female employee complained to me regarding the harassment. As per the company policies, the concerned male employees were penalized. I pondered upon the fact and thought of transferring the female employee to a more secure job location or a different jo b role. However, my seniors argued that this action was completely discriminatory and was not in accordance with the company policies. I could have transferred the female employee but that could stir controversy among the male employees. This decision was considered as an unethical conduct in a corporate organization. The business organization has certain regulations regarding the transfer of employees (Divanbeigi Ramalho, 2015). The transfer should be made at the best interest of the organization (Ferner, Edwards Tempel, 2012). It should not be based on the personal interests of the employees. I had knowledge regarding the organizational rules, however, I personally felt the plight of the employee (Divanbeigi Ramalho, 2015). It is my duty to provide optimum working environment to all the employees (Tsaur Tang, 2012). Being a female employee, doesnt mean that she should be a subject of entertainment. I want to place the female employee in a secure position but this involved a lot of subsequent issues. My decision would impact both the existing male employees at the office as well as the new female employee. If the female employee is shifted to a secure job role then the rest of the employees would resent. They may also demand shifts in their favorite job roles. On the other hand, this decision may demean the female employee too. She may feel that she is segregated and may feel left out. I was in a dilemma regarding my possible actions in such a situation. Gender discrimination in the workplace is a common phenomenon (Smith, Oades McCarthy, 2013). We live in a patriarchal society which is reflected in the professional organizations too. Women are harassed for no reasons and unfair discriminations are made (Lim, 2015). In spite of their high qualifications and years of experience, they are not treated equally like men. They have to face embarrassment, abuse and torture at the workplace (Shah et al., 2012). These issues reduce the productivity of the employees, otherwise which would have increased the output of the female employees (Smith, Oades McCarthy, 2013). I am compassionate about the female employee but I should not forget that I am operating in a professional environment. I have to solve the employees concerns by satisfying the rules of the organization. The Shareholder View of Business states that the managers should take decisions that are best for the concerned shareholders (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). My employees are the most important shareholders and I should provide them best work experience within the limits of law. This issue is a serious ethical concern as it is concerned with unequal power distribution between the employees and the employers. The organization has certain rights of employees that are applicable to all (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). The employee possesses the right to safeguard from discrimination (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). The female employees are protected from the clutches of ruthless male employees. They have the right to be treated equally in the workplace (Yousaf et al., 2014). They should deserve respect from the colleagues. They have the right to work in a harmonious workplace where the entire employees coexist peacefully. She should enjoy equal opportunities as enjoyed by all the other employees (Yousaf et al., 2014). The concerned employee should be free from sexual harassment in the workplace. I wished to secure the fundamental rights of the employees. It is the duty of a manager to look after the welfare of the employees- both male and female. If someone is not getting the fundamental rights, I must consider the matter seriously. The discrimination in Singaporean organizations includes the partial treatment of the employees which is not based on their qualifications or experience (Napasri Yukongdi, 2015). In this case, I was proposing the idea of giving more preference to the female employee based on a harassment complaint only. It was not related to her education level, experience level, skills or the performance at work. The discrimination would lead to the damage of my image as a manager. I may be viewed as a partial manager if I give favorable treatment to an employee based on the gender. If I do not implement this decision, then the female employee may continue to be harassed by her male counterparts. This would also affect the performance of the employee. My decision making is affected by several factors such as demographic, gender, age, national culture, psychology, personal values and integrity (Craft, 2013). The psychological factors affect my actions in a particular work environment. I am an individual with high internal control. I like to undertake responsibility for my actions and accept the consequences of my actions. My personal values also help me in taking decisions. It is my personal choice to address my employees rights. I like to maintain moral principles as well as values while taking crucial decisions. The moral intensity would have an influence on the decision making of the manager (Craft, 2013). The importance of education is immense in effective decision making (Craft, 2013). It teaches us to implement ethics in our professional as well as personal lives. The Universities in Singapore emphasizes on ethical decision making in corporate organizations (Craft, 2013). The Code of Ethics is being taught in universities and the same is applicable in professional organizations too (Craft, 2013). This states the expectations from the employees. I am also an employee of the organization and it is my duty to safeguard the interests of my fellow employees. I strive to create a humanized workplace, which is an innovative type of workplace that promotes meaningful work and sustainable jobs. I aim for creating a meaningful workplace in which the jobs are designed to meet the psychological requirements of the employees. The professional life should be enriching to an employee rather than being an obstacle in the path of success. There are a number of ways which help me to choose the best solution in the ethical dilemma: I can undertake the non-consequentialist theories which involve the identification of certain duties for the agents to perform (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). This approach would help me to preserve the human dignity. The dignity of the female employee is of utmost importance. This theory would also help me to maintain the natural rights of the employees (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). I would be able to do the fair treatment of the female employee. It is the right of the employee to work in a respectful environment. I would transfer the female employee in a more secure job role where she would face minimal issues of sexual harassment. Alternatively, I can take the utilitarian approach of solving ethical dilemmas (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). This approach would help me to support the concerned female employee for her happiness. If she is transferred to a more secure job location, she would get mental peace and it would reduce her pain to a great extent. She can concentrate on her job and her productivity rates would increase considerably. I should calculate the benefits as well as disadvantages of my decision and select the best alternative. The value of an unhappy employee is measured with the resentment of the male employees. The point of view of the male employees can be heard and they can be given a suitable answer. However, there is no appropriate answer to the problems of the female employee. Hence, decision needs to be taken in favor of her. The egoistic approach cannot be actually considered in this scenario (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). This approach would enable me to highlight my own interest and ignore the interest of the organization (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). I cannot ignore the interests of the organization. I have to take such a decision that satisfies the objectives of the organization as well as provide suitable solution to the concerned female employee. However, I would like to support the female employee in every possible way. I would select the well being of the employees after considering the above influences and the various personal characteristics of mine. This alternative would satisfy personal ideologies and ethical beliefs. Part B: Appendix A: The Ethical Leadership Debate (613words) The character of Mike Gustavsson was against the debate motion. He supported education on ethical leadership and considered that the top management of a firm is responsible for creating an environment of sustainable ethical leadership. He possessed high moral values, as described in Virtue Ethics of Normative Ethics (Hursthouse, 2013). He is in Maxim 3 of Universality in Kants Ethics as he is a discretionary stakeholder. He belongs to the Stage 6 of the Kohlbergs theory (Gibbs, 2013). He possesses universal principles such as human rights, equality and justice. He demonstrated universal ethical principles. He failed to respect the rights and equality of his daughter and hence he can be placed in the stage 5 of Moral Development Theory (Gibbs, 2013). Jan Edwards displayed ethical leadership in a shareholder focused economy. Clean Solutions Inc. focused on ethical leadership models in addition to the profitability parameters. This was displayed by their immense participation in the charitable involvements. The firm focused on the education concerning ethical leadership and emphasized that graduates should possess social responsibility skills, interpersonal skills and people management skills. The firm also believed in the principles of the shareholders. Jan can be considered as a dominant stakeholder as she demonstrated power and legitimacy. She demonstrated the elements of Triple Bottom Line- social sustainability, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability (Savitz, 2012). She demonstrated characteristics of feminist ethics model. She can be placed in Stage 2 of the Kohlbergs model. Jan can be regarded as an individual seeking self- actualization and self-esteem, as per Maslows Hierarchy of needs (Funder, 2015). Jan concentrated on improving the community by showing mutual respect and justice to the community. She could be placed in Stage 6 as she wanted to modify the current trend by her own ethical principles, even if it deviated from the workplace norms. Mei-Hua Felung acted against the debate motion. She emphasized the importance of ethical leadership in an economy that is focused on the shareholders. She maintained her leadership based on ethical grounds even after the presence of external factors such as public perceptions, tax rules, legal obligations and others. She is present in Stage 5 and Stage 6 of the Moral Development Theory by Kohlberg. She possesses good interpersonal relationships with external as well as internal stakeholders. She is also aware of the existing tax laws as well as the individual rights. She is trained in the accountancy regulations and hence belonged to Maxim 1 of consistency in the Kants Deontological theory (Dierksmeier, 2013). She needed to undertake legitimate actions as she was the accountant of the firm. She demonstrated ethical leadership and maintained the image of the accountant by adopting tax avoidance measures. Deshi Chen supported the debate motion as he believed that ethical leadership is not required in business school courses. He emphasized on the fact that ethical leadership usually prevents practicality in situations. He argued that ethical leadership is not recognized all round the world. It is not even rewarded. The world gives more importance to profit generation rather than ethical leadership. Deshi demonstrated the theory of egoism by treating himself morally correct. He also displayed least utilization of personal interests. He displayed the Stage 2 characteristics of the moral development model (Cushman, 2013). All the four characters, except Deshi, strongly believed in the fact that ethical leadership is possible in a shareholder based economy. They also believed that business school should incorporate classes on ethical codes of behaviors. Deshi was the only person who didnt believe in ethical course in business schools. Deshi can be regarded as the most ethical person due to his transparency while Mei-Hua can be considered as the most unethical one (displayed speech-act contradictions). Part B: Appendix B: The Seminar Case (600 words) The Case of the Holiday was reviewed and the ethical dilemmas concerning each character are identified. The character of Boris is explained in detail. Boris faced a high degree of ethical dilemma, which was discussed by Team 1. The dilemma was caused due to the planned holiday of Boris and coincidence of the holiday with the product launch of the client. This situation forced Boris to think about whether he should cancel his holiday plans for the purpose of important professional commitments. His dilemma concerned that whether he should dilute the business prospects by postponing/cancelling the product launch or focusing on his personal life progress (the expense of relationship with Swee Lan). The team 2 depicted the ethical dilemma of Boriss manager. The manager had an ethical dilemma between the requests of the client, profitability of the company and employee welfare. He did not want to spoil the holiday plans of Boris, however he was also reluctant to let go a valuable client that would bring repeat orders for the company. The manager was responsible for safeguarding the interests of the company and to prevent it from any kinds of financial loss. He was in a fix to jeopardize the lucrative prospects from the organizational point of view. The ethical dilemma of Swee Lan was portrayed by Team 3. She faced the dilemma after discussion with Boris regarding cancellation of their holiday at Hong Kong. She has certain influences on the decision making of Boris. She made Boris experience ethical dilemmas between the work commitments and relationship commitments. She didnt wanted to compromise the career prospects of Boris, but at the same time, she wanted to materialize the holiday plans. The dilemma of Swee Lan was derived from the reaction of her parents, which fostered relationship dilemmas in Boris. The last team, Team 4, discussed about the ethical dilemmas of Boriss colleagues. They reacted after hearing that Boris had cancelled his holiday for the benefit of the organization. Marcus and his friends wanted to implement enhanced employee standards in the organization. They feared that the consequences of Boriss decision could impact their lives in the future as well. As a result, they were connected with Boris from an empathetic point of view. This is the reason they criticized the decisions of Boris. They presumed that it was really a tough decision to select one between Swee Lan and the manager. The ethical dilemma of Boris can be explained by various ethical theories. Boris was in the Stage 1 of Kohlbergs moral development theory (Gibbs, 2013). He was obedient in his workplace (by cancellation of his trip) so that he is not punished or dismissed from the workplace. If he declined the product launch of the client he may be considered as inappropriate for the company, which may lead to any forms of punishment. He also displayed utilitarian rule as he accepted the request of his presence at the product launch, which meant a lucrative career for him (Hayry, 2013). The moral intensity of Boris is featured by social consensus, proximity and consequences. There could have been various consequences like fall in the career, spoilage of relationship with Swee Lan or Marcus. Boris displayed Type A characteristics aggressiveness, competitive spirit and ambitious outlook (Broad, 2014). He displayed a high degree of ownership and he was interested in the work related matters. He portray ed egoistic approach by giving maximum emphasize to task completion rather than the opportunity costs involved. He chose to be present during the product launch of the company and hence sacrifice the meeting with Swee Lee and her parents. Part B: Appendix C: Interpersonal and team working skills (333 words) The first part of the essay needed to identify a business related ethical dilemma in my professional life. The identification of the dilemma demonstrates my critical thinking abilities (Paul Elder, 2013). There are many instances of my professional life that I could have citied. I have chosen this particular dilemma because it was concerned with the ethical behavioral aspects in the workplace. The presence of the interpersonal skills also helped me to successfully complete this module. The first part of the essay demonstrated my problem solving skills, decision making skills and assertiveness (Proctor, 2014). I worked with others in my workplace to explore and ponder over the existing issues. I identified, explained and provided a solution to the existing problem. I identified the main issue and utilized my decision making abilities to propose a solution. I decided on the issue and communicated my ideas as well as beliefs to the concerned entities. I have flexibility in my work appr oach as I was concerned with the most appropriate practices that would be best for the concerned employee (Allen et al., 2013). I am able to convey my decisions to my colleagues and hence display team working skills. I respected the opinions of my team members. The second part of the essay needed me to analyze the characters in the given case scenarios. My analytical abilities, self confidence and positive attitude helped me to review the given case studies (Robles, 2012). The display of the ethical leadership role by the given characters was critically analyzed by me. The characters also displayed resembled to the popular ethical theories such as Kohlbergs theory and others. I identified the similarities as I am confident about my abilities. I also possess good communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal communication (Robles, 2012). This is because I am able to write down my thoughts in a coherent manner. This module helped me to understand the practical implementation of Kohlbergs moral development theory and Kants deontological theory in a professional environment. References Part A Capuzzi, D., Stauffer, M. D. (2016).ACA Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions. John Wiley Sons. Craft, J. L. (2013). A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 20042011.Journal of Business Ethics,117(2), 221-259. Divanbeigi, R., Ramalho, R. (2015). Business regulations and growth.World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (7299). Ferner, A., Edwards, T., Tempel, A. (2012). Power, institutions and the cross-national transfer of employment practices in multinationals.Human Relations,65(2), 163-187. Kadiresan, V., Javed, N. K. (2015). 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