Medieval Art And Architecture Of The Gothic Architecture

The term Gothic comes from Giorgio Vaasari, he used the term to ridicule the medieval art and architecture. Putting the art aside, the architecture of the period was quite awesome, cathedrals stand today as a testament to this. The Gothic style was birthed in France as the Romanesque style evolved. The Saint-Denis was the first Gothic cathedral; it was designed Abbot Suger in 1144. Gothic Cathedrals were marvels in their time as they towered above the cities, they frequently reached over 150 meters tall. The Cathedrals were built with the intention of looking like a Latin cross; the two parts that make up the Latin cross are the Nave and the transept. The three elements that make Gothic cathedrals different from previous cathedrals are the Flying Buttresses, pointed arches and the ribbed vaults. Although these items are cornerstones for what Gothic stands for, the faà §ade with the three door portals, the rose window and twin towers are what characterize French Gothic cathedrals. The door portals are one of the main characteristics of the French Gothic faà §ade. The portal is part of the porch, which usually starts at the steps leading up to the cathedral. The portals of the French faà §ade are unique because of their deep recession and how ornate they are. The faà §ade (main entrance to the cathedral) of the French Gothic cathedral has three door portals, each into a different section of the cathedrals. Each portal delivered a different message with its stonework, this workShow MoreRelated Medieval Art Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesMedieval Art In the art world, the medieval periods were traditionally though to be the unproductive phase of Europe between the decline of Rome and the Renaissance. Our modern feelings toward medieval art are far more appreciative. The main intent of Medieval art was to express Christianity which was also a common bond between a wide spread and diverse Europe. For this reason most of the art found from medieval times originated in monasteries and churches. European art during the Middle AgesRead MoreEssay on Medieval Art1111 Words   |  5 PagesIn the art world, the medieval periods were traditionally though to be the unproductive phase of Europe between the decline of Rome and the Renaissance. Our modern feelings toward medieval art are far more appreciative. The main intent of Medieval art was to express Christianity which was also a common bond between a wide spread and diverse Europe. For this reason most of the art found from medieval times originated in monasteries and churches. 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The Impact of Roosevelts New Deal Essay - 2197 Words

Look deep within United States history to find its most significant molding element and one will find that its source stemmed from a great national crisis. At its highest extent, nearly one-fourth of its labor force was unemployed and American confidence in itself was deeply shaken. It is in studying the Great Depression and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal, that America’s most significant influential event can be found. The New Deal and its legacy had the largest impact on American society since the founding of the United States. The New Deal altered the political and social nature of the nation as well as preserved the fundamental capitalist nature of the American economy. At the outset, the New Deal changed the†¦show more content†¦In addition, the Tennessee Valley Authority would create a means by which the federal government would compete with private business, a most revolutionary concept.v Furthermore, Degler maintains that proof of this fundamental change of the American psyche can be found in the permanence of some of the New Deal programs. He contends that in the 1950s the first Republican administration after the depression under Dwight Eisenhower did not turn back the reforms of the New Deal. Banking regulation, the TVA, SEC, and Social Security, among other programs are still in existence today and have become part of the American way of life. Still today, no political party aspiring to gain high office dares to repeal them.vi Leuchtenburg agrees with this point and suggests that the New Deal â€Å"altered the character of the State of America† vii David Bennett, professor of history at Syracuse University, develops the argument further. 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Compare and Contrast Pride and Prejudice free essay sample

Is it possible for a film to show an audience the internal tensions between two potential lovers? Or do the details of the script, sets, costumes and cinematography block the view? For example, look at Jane Austens classic love story Pride and Prejudice as told in two very different films. While both versions correctly tell the tale of love winning out over one girls selfish conceit and opinionated judgments, Simon Langtons AE miniseries holds true in every way to the depth of the story, while Joe Wrights 2005 feature film dances over only the popularly known highlights. The resulting views of the story and romantic tension are, of course, completely different! Rarely in Hollywood is the filmwright known to follow an authors original meaning or intent. Thus the filmwrights job in any film is to create a solid foundation so the director can do whatever he or she pleases with the rest. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Pride and Prejudice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this assignment, both filmwrights perform their duties perfectly a story is told. Debra Mogach, filmwright for the 2005 version, loses miles of depth in the personalities of all the key characters and even many of the minor ones. It is lucky for her that she got help from Emma Thompson with some of the dialogue or we probably wouldnt hear a single line from the original text! Langstons writer, Andrew Davies, on the other hand, stays very true to the original book: both in the highlights of the story and in the depth of the characters. Because of his attention to Austins development of each cast member, the audience is drawn deeply into many of the characters internal lives. And that is how its supposed to work: the many details of the characters personalities are supposed to be portrayed in the script as well as in every other aspect of a film. After the director has accepted his script and somewhere during casting, the sets must be chosen. In the case of these films the sets are on location: several places in the UK. You would think that Hollywood would be able to get that part pretty accurate. AE apparently didnt have any trouble the homes, halls and streets of Longbourne, Derbyshire, London, Rosings Park and certainly Pemberly are brought to life and certainly give the audience insight into the lives and struggles of the people who dwell in them. Joe Wright, however, clearly loose in his understanding of the period he was filming, succeeds only in belittling every characters position in life distracting his audience from getting any grip on the personality issues that should be causing the tension. The portrayal of the lives of characters should lift the audiences understanding of life and customs very different from their own not create more questions. Once actors have been cast and sets accepted the costumers go into a fever developing each characters wardrobe to both fit and suit them. Dinah Collin, of AEs production, is a master of English period costuming and in this film she outdoes herself! Every costume is absolutely precise with the time period and particularly with the characters station in life and current activities. The clothes each person wears give the audience a clear understanding of precisely who they are. Jacqueline Durran, of the 2005 film, did a very precise job of costuming to the directors vision for his film. All of the characters are dressed below their station, and rarely properly for the period requirements for even the activities in which they are engaged. Instead of questions being answered and removed for the audience, more are created and none are answered. Will the audience see clearly what the tension is, let alone the idea of what its bearers are feeling? This is what we are looking for. The script, locations, actors and costumes are in place. Lights, cameras,? ah yes, cinematography! Now the director begins his real work of storytelling with camera angles, focus and attention. Now Joe Wright pulls the plug and washes the audience down with him into misunderstanding the period, its protocols and, therefore, its people. When one does not understand any of those, how can one possibly understand any internal emotional tensions? Wright does do some really artsy and amazing things with his cameras, but they dont seem to have too much to do with the story. He especially uses them to try to portray Darcys emotions (because the actor certainly doesnt get the opportunity to), but at such odd moments and with such little clarity that you dont really notice it until your 3rd or 4th viewing! He has a gift for developing amazing scenery shots really but, other than having one or the other of the actors included in the shot, they basically never have anything to do with the story. When Simon Langton, however, uses a sweeping shot of countryside, village or house which he does many times it absolutely, always shows us something new of a character, and not always just the one in the picture! Langton adds and adds and adds to his characters and their relationships. Never once does Langtons audience lose track of what is building between any of his characters. So, both directors use their cameras successfully to create mood and interest of some sort or another. And, both directors do some interesting foreshadowing and story telling with their cameras. And both directors create beautiful pictures. But did both directors combine all of this interesting cinematography with their script, sets and costumes to honestly portray the tension between two potential lovers? Can it be done? Since both the feature film and the miniseries tell the story accurately it would seem they would both clearly tell of the emotional tension between the two lovers. But cinema is a type of storytelling that requires every visual detail to fall in line with the purpose of the story. After looking some into the visual details of each of these films it seems: a) this should not be the deciding film in determining Hollywoods ability; and, b) AE has taken every opportunity this story offers to prove itself entirely capable. For while both versions correctly tell the tale of love winning out over one girls selfish conceit and opinionated judgments, Simon Langtons miniseries carries the story in every detail, while Joe Wrights 2005 feature film only portrays the popularly known highlights and does not give any understandable degree to any of the characters.

Capital Budgeting for Equator Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Capital Budgeting for Equator Ltd. Answer: Introduction: Equator Ltd. is looking at expanding its operations into manufacturing tablet computers. The company has two options to consider from, one being Plant A which is highly automated and the other being Plant B which is more labour intensive. The cash inflow and outflow for both the options have been analysed using capital budgeting techniques, the results of which are presented below: Technique Plant A Plant B NPV $24,451,221 $11,352,323 IRR 19% 18% Payback period 3.7 years 3.4 years (Calculations shown in Annexure) Decision Both the options have favourable results where the NPV is positive, IRR is more than the cost of capital and the payback period is within the project period. However, the company should go ahead with Plant A as it has higher NPV and IRR. Even though Plant B has lower payback period, but for mutually exclusive projects, the project with highest NPV followed by IRR is selected. Hence the company should go for Plant A. Assumptions The cost of capital considered here is 13.35% as this the WACC used by the Computer tablet industry and hence is a better discounting factor as it takes into account all the risks associated with this project. The fixed allocation cost has not been considered in the analysis as it is not an incremental cost. The increased working capital is assumed to be recovered at the end of the project life for both the projects. There is risk inherent in a project because no one can accurately predict the future outcomes. It is due to the variability of the future cash flows of the project. Market risk the economic growth rate is assumed to 5.5% for the project and the sales have been projected on the economic growth rate basis. However, if the economic growth rate does not take as projected, the analysis of the investment may go wrong i.e. if the growth rate decreases, the sales will decrease and the NPV will reduce (Drake, NA) Also there is a risk of a change in the inflation rate. An increase in the inflation rate may increase the operating costs, thus making the project less profitable. Project specific risk The management may predict wrong cash flows for the project. If the prediction goes wrong, then the whole investment may go for a toss. Industry specific risk an abrupt change in the industry specific regulations may increase the industry specific risk. Also technological advancement in the industry may increase risks. Like if a better product comes in the market than tablet computers, the market for tablets will decrease, thus causing loss to the company (Dontigney, NA) Company specific risk this risk may arise due to company specific factors like change in the management of the company, any strikes or lock outs by the employees which may disrupt the operations of the company and thus the revenue might be affected. Efficient Market Hypothesis is a proposition that the stock prices in the market perfectly reflect the true value of the firm from the available information. The theory believes that no investor can gain from identifying undervalued stocks using technical and fundamental analysis. Any new information available in the market about the stock is immediately adjusted in the stock price and hence the stocks become accurately priced. Therefore all investors whether uninformed or experts will obtain the same rate of return (Malkiel, 2003). Also the theory believes that if any trader identifies a undervalued or overvalued stock, this will motivate the trader to undertake trading in order to make abnormal profits and in the process the prices of the stock will move towards the its intrinsic value, making the stock price efficient which reflects its fundamental value. Intrinsic value of a share is the present value of cash flows in the form of dividends and the cash flow from the sale of stock . There are three forms of capital market efficiency i.e. weak efficiency, semi strong efficiency, strong form efficiency. Under the weak form efficiency, it is believed the stock prices fully reflect all the past information of the security. Thus an analyst cannot make gains using technical analysis as it is based on past prices. Under semi strong form efficiency, the stock prices fully reflect all public information about the stock. Hence, traders with access to non public information can make abnormal profits. Under strong form of efficiency, the markets are very efficient and quickly react to the new information to adjust stock prices thus making it impossible for any investor to make excess profits. Capital markets are channels through which the idle funds of a potential investor are put into effective use. A company can raise funds through equity or bonds in a capital market. A company generally raises funds in a capital market for long term projects. It is very convenient for the companies to raise funds if the capital markets are efficient because efficient capital markets ensure the funds flow to the highest valued projects. The stock prices at which the stocks would be issued is determined by the market and the market ensures that the stock prices fully reflect the fundamental value of future cash flows. Thus, if the project of Equator Limited promises to maximise the shareholder value, the future value of all cash flows would be incorporated into the stock prices at which the company would raise the new capital. Also efficient markets enable the company to focus on long term projects instead of short term because the funds are easily available from potential investors for high value long term projects (Jones, Netter, NA) We see that tablet computer is a growing industry and hence the outlook for this industry is good. This will help the company in attracting capital easily as the investors would be willing to invest in an industry which has high growth prospects (Dudley, Hubbard, 2004). And moreover since the company is already an established player in the computer market, these will double the ease with which it can raise the funds. Reference Drake, P., (NA), Capital Budgeting and Risk, accessed online on 22nd January, 2017, available at https://educ.jmu.edu/~drakepp/principles/module6/cbrisk Dontigney, E., (NA), What Factors Increase the Riskiness of a Capital Budgeting Project? accessed online on 22nd January, 2017, available at https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/factors-increase-riskiness-capital-budgeting-project-26421.html Malkiel, B.G., (2003), The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics, CEPS Working Paper No.91 Jones, S.L, Netter, J.M., (NA), Efficient Capital Markets, accessed online on 23rd January, 2017, available at, https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/EfficientCapitalMarkets.html Dudley, W.C., Hubbard, R.G., (2004), How Capital Markets Enhance Economic Performance and Facilitate Job Creation, Global Market Institute, Goldman Sachs